Category: Passive Transfer
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Hunter Ridge Testimonial
Blaine Nicks, Director of Operations at Jager Ag, LLC shares his thoughts on how Dairy Tech’s equipment, Perfect Udder® bags and protocols deliver positive results on their farms.
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Gen3 Matilda: Quickstart Tutorial
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This video provides a quick overview of how to get started with your Gen3 Matilda colostrum pasteurizer and warmer. From initial setup to basic operation, this tutorial helps ensure you’re ready to process and feed colostrum efficiently and safely.
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Gen3 Matilda 快速入门教程
本视频提供 Gen3 Matilda 初乳巴氏杀菌器和加热器的快速入门指南。从初始设置到基本操作,帮助您高效、安全地处理初乳。
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Gen3 Matilda Snelstartgids
Deze video geeft een snel overzicht van het opstarten van de Gen3 Matilda colostrum pasteuriseerder en verwarmer. Van installatie tot basisgebruik, deze tutorial helpt u veilig en efficiënt van start te gaan.
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Tutoriel de démarrage rapide Gen3 Matilda
Cette vidéo présente un aperçu rapide de la mise en route de la Matilda Gen3. Elle couvre l’installation initiale et les opérations de base pour pasteuriser et distribuer le colostrum efficacement et en toute sécurité.
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Gen3 Matilda Schnellstart-Anleitung
Dieses Video gibt einen schnellen Überblick zur Inbetriebnahme der Gen3 Matilda Kolostrum-Pasteurisierungs- und Wärmeeinheit. Es deckt die Grundeinstellungen und den sicheren Betrieb ab.
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Guida rapida all’uso di Gen3 Matilda
Questo video fornisce una panoramica rapida su come iniziare a usare la Matilda Gen3. Dalla configurazione iniziale all’uso di base, la guida aiuta a gestire il colostro in modo sicuro ed efficiente.
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Tutorial de início rápido da Gen3 Matilda
Este vídeo oferece um resumo de como começar a usar sua pasteurizadora de colostro Gen3 Matilda. Desde a configuração até a operação básica, tudo para garantir colostro seguro e eficiente.
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Gen3 Matilda クイックスタートチュートリアル
この動画では、Gen3 Matilda 初乳パスチャライザーおよびウォーマーの基本的な使用方法を簡単に説明します。初期設定から基本操作まで、安全かつ効率的な稼働をサポートします。
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Tutorial de inicio rápido para la Gen3 Matilda
Este video ofrece una guía rápida para comenzar con la pasteurizadora de calostro Gen3 Matilda. Desde la configuración inicial hasta el funcionamiento básico, este tutorial le prepara para una operación segura y eficiente.
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Feeding Colostrum; The Future is Now!
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Colostrum management and proper feeding at birth are determining factors in the performance and profitability of your dairy farm.
Written by Rick Dumm, DVM
No doubt about it, the immune factors in colostrum are critical. The increase in protection means the newborn calf will be more resistant to the effects of pathogens as they are encountered. Colostrum also contains superb nutrition, hormones, growth factors, enzymes and many bioactive compounds which impact the calf through numerous pathways that are not purely immune related. With the gut of the calf bathed in these components of rich colostrum, everything from intestinal development to nutrient absorption to mammary growth is impacted. Take a look at human medicine studies that demonstrate the effects on social skills, intelligence and even down to the level of income potential. Doesn’t it make sense that we also keep an eye on the income potential of this calf that will someday join the dairy workforce? Each newborn calf represents an opportunity to improve entire herd production by enhancing genetics. The ingredients in colostrum trigger a cascade of events that are turning on extremely important gene sequences. Without colostrum, we can lose this important road map being passed from one generation to the next.
For our efforts, we can realize improved health at a herd level; reduced incidence of transmissible pathogens at the herd level; reduced sickness and mortality; optimized costs of rearing; and decreased labor, drug costs and veterinary costs. Let’s not forget the consumer of dairy who also wants to see less antibiotic use, less stress from disease, fewer dying calves and an animal with a longer productive life. These are goals that all 3 of us strive for: calf, dairymen and milk drinking customer!
COLOSTRUM MANAGEMENT
So, how much volume is required to bathe the calf with the elixir of life? Filling the gut of the calf has some direct effects impacting microflora development, gut transit time and hormonal impacts on rapidly dividing cells, but we also must secure adequate absorption through the intestinal wall into the blood. At a minimum, we need to achieve > 10 mg/ml of Immunoglobulin (Ig) in the serum of the calf. Without this level, the calf faces significant health risks and possible death. Your goal really should be 15-25mg/ml and to achieve this is quite reasonable. Quality, Volume, Speed and Biosecurity are the 4 main determining factors of whether we achieve these goals. These first 3 make sense: good quality with high levels of immunoglobulin fed in adequate amounts in a timely manner for the calf to achieve absorption. So, how does biosecurity come into this equation? Check out the data below showing 25% better absorption of IgG when colostrum is heat-treated vs feeding it raw. Right there is a huge gain in our quest to get to 15-25%!
Around the world, the following basic practices are helping to reach these goals.
- Development of a Colostrum Bank
- Keep a readily available supply of colostrum on hand that has 50 grams of Ig/Liter
- Pasteurize your colostrum to avoid transmission of disease by pathogens and to improve absorption
- Feeding the Correct Volume of High-Quality Colostrum
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- First Feeding equal to 10% of the calf’s birthweight within the first hour of life
- Second Feeding equal to 5% birthweight 8-10 hours after First Feeding
This aspect leads me to talk about 4 Fundamental Factors that all milk producers should know about the management of colostrum today:
- PATHOGENS PRESENT IN THE COLOSTRUM: Despite its All-Star list of ingredients, colostrum also has a dark side. A birthing mother is stressed and nearly any “bug” she may carry can be transmitted to the calf via the colostrum. Same is true if we fail to clean her or the colostrum collection and feeding tools properly. Some are really nefarious dudes like Mycobacterium (Johne’s), Mycoplasma, Salmonella, E coli, BLV, and more. Treating at 60°C (140°F) for 60 minutes significantly reduces or eliminates these pathogens. What about the good bugs? Turns out that heat-treating actually improved the numbers of beneficial bacteria considered part of the healthy microbiome of the calf.
- IMPROVEMENT OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN (Ig) ABSORPTION:Fewer bacteria in the gut means less binding of needed Ig molecules, less inflammation of gut tissues, less clogging of absorption sites and less damage to the specialized cells carrying out the necessary transfers. In a Univ of Minnesota study, 24-hour serum IgG was 22.3 mg/ml in calves fed pasteurized colostrum compared to 18.1 mg/ml in calves fed raw colostrum. 25%!!! This difference was significant. This study has been replicated two times with similar results. Heat-treating = more absorption and MORE IS BETTER.
- DECREASE OF DIARRHEA AND OTHER HEALTH PROBLEMS:A study published by the Journal of Dairy Science (95 :4029–4040) showed that colostrum pasteurization (heat treatment) decreased diarrhea by 20% in 1,071 newborn calves on 6 dairy farms in Minnesota and Wisconsin. 60°C (140°F) for 60 minutes.
- FEEDING MORE COLOSTRUM ALSO IMPROVES MILK PRODUCTION:Finally, and maybe most importantly for long-term benefits to the animal, we must come back to that epigenetic role that colostrum plays in gene expression for these young calves. Non-genetic components in colostrum, directly impacting which genes are going to be expressed and which will not. The impact is remarkable, and this field of knowledge is increasing daily.
A very impressive study was done to look at how colostrum management would impact future milk production. Two groups of Brown Swiss calves on a dairy farm in Arizona were fed 2L and 4L of colostrum respectively at birth. The animals were followed until the end of the second lactation and the results were surprising.
- Weaning weights were higher for the 4L group (+5.1 lbs./day)
- 60% reduction in veterinary costs
- 50% lower cull rate
- By the second lactation, the 4L group had produced 2,974 pounds more milk compared to those in the 2L group.
Great information, but does it apply to you? On your farm? With your employees, weather and the usual struggles of business? Will you see results in all seasons and on hundreds or thousands of calves, not just 25 calves in a research study?
YES, and the steps to even surpass the results of all this research are actually quite simple to follow. It will require attention to a few small details, but it is easier than you might think. Here are those basic steps:
- COW IS CALVING- PREPARE COLOSTRUM: When a calf is born or a cow has begun Stage II labor, remove a bag of heat-treated colostrum from the freezer and place into Matilda® for reheating to feeding temperature.
- FIRST FEEDING – 10% OF BIRTHWEIGHT IN FIRST HOUR: Within 1 hour of birth, feed the calf 10% of its body weight in pasteurized colostrum using Perfect Udder® bags. Do not waste your time looking for ways to try to heat the bags in 20 minutes, like many companies promote. Do the math. The only way to get a frozen gallon of colostrum thawed that quickly is to use water that is much hotter than the immunoglobulins can tolerate. It is a step backward and our focus is the calf, not the calf feeder at this stage of the process.
- COLLECT COLOSTRUM: Collect the colostrum as quickly as possible from the fresh cow. If it will be held for more than 2 hours, it must be refrigerated.
- HEAT-TREAT THE COLOSTRUM: Pool colostrum twice a day and place into the DT30G pasteurizer where it is heat-treated at 140°F for 60 minutes to kill pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
- FILL PERFECT UDDER® BAGS: Fill Perfect Udder® bags directly from the DT30G pasteurizer and place them into the freezer for storage. These bags are available in 2, 3 & 4 liter volumes so that you can stock your colostrum bank with calf-size specific doses.
- A SECOND FEEDING IS STRONGLY ENCOURAGED- 5% BIRTHWEIGHT: At 8-10hrs of birth, feed the calf a second feeding that is 5% of body weight. The 2L bag works perfectly for this feeding.
- DISCARD BAG: The bags are single use for a reason. Dozens of studies demonstrate that we cannot clean a bottle properly, so there is no point in hoping we can clean a bag, either. They are affordable so that you can use your time and resources in more meaningful ways.
Colostrum management and proper feeding at birth are determining factors in the performance and profitability of your dairy farm. Yes, we can provide the calf with an immune system to stay healthy. Yes, we can also provide it with so much more. Use these guidelines to bring the added benefits of colostrum to your total herd health.
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- Development of a Colostrum Bank
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Wear Your Gloves!
“Don’t put your fingers in your mouth … and more importantly, don’t put your fingers in your calf’s mouth!”
It’s a simple message given to every child with a mother, yet with calves we often forget this important lesson. Unlike children and the caretakers of calves, this little newborn comes into the world lacking a functional immune system. Until it has the opportunity to absorb critical immunoglobulins into its blood stream, it is vulnerable to every bacteria, virus and protozoa that it comes into contact with.
The first 24 hours are the most worrisome.
Specialized cells line the intestine of the calf helping it to bring all the goodness contained in colostrum, but they do a lousy job of protecting the calf. We need to do our part. By wearing nitrile gloves and washing before we feed the calf, we drastically reduce the likelihood of contaminating the calf. Think of the common places that your calf feeders would have been just prior to feeding this calf; the cow, the calving shed, obstetric equipment.
There is no doubt that our hands can easily be the source of new infections for these fragile babies.
Wash your hands, wear gloves and be sure to keep all feeding nipples, tubes and other implements as clean as possible. Fill the calf with 10% of its body weight in colostrum within the first hour of life. It will lie down and take a long nap … exactly as it would in nature when it is hidden by its mama. Then give another 5% of body weight in a second feeding of colostrum at 8-10 hours. A full calf is less likely to suckle on dirty items in its environment.
This winning recipe of 10% + 5% + clean hands, tubes and nipples = the ultimate calf!
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7 Simple Steps for Tube Feeding a Calf
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Tube feeding a calf can be a scary proposition. Improper technique can result in esophageal damage, or worse. Following these simple steps will make things easier on you and the calf.
Remember, if you can FEEL IT, you can FEED IT.
- Always perform with the calf sternal or standing in a corner.
- Prevent the flow of colostrum until the tube is fully inserted into the calf.
- We recommend that you also place OB lubricant on the tip of the bulb for easy passage.
- Insert tube with the calf’s head in a normal position. If the calf’s head is bent down, it cannot swallow as easily. If the calf’s neck is extended too high, there is increased risk of entering the trachea. Keep the head in a normal position, insert the tube along the side of the mouth and, as the calf is swallowing, gently slide the tube into position.
- Palpate the neck of the calf as the tube is being inserted. Feeling the bulb passing under your fingers indicates proper placement of the tube. If there is any uncertainty, remove the feeding tube and ask your veterinarian for training.
- Insert the full length of the tube until the cap is at the lips of the calf, then initiate flow. Allow entire contents to quickly flow into the calf.
- When all flow has stopped, lower the head of the calf and remove the tube in a downward direction to prevent any spilling of colostrum at the trachea entrance.
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Heat-Treated Colostrum fed at 15% Body Weight
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Heat-Treated Colostrum fed at 15% Body Weight and Added Sodium Selenite and/or Zeolite on Total Immunoglobulin Absorption in Newborn Calves
Lin, M. MVS, Botero, J. MV, and Dumm, R. DVM. Field Trial Dairy Tech LLC, November 2015
About Our Study: This study was designed to test our recommended protocols at Dairy Tech LLC as well as to assess whether Sodium Selenite or Zeolite might improve the absorption of immunoglobulin in newborn calves. Previous data about these two products came from small studies and showed conflicting results. If an inexpensive product could help in absorption, then the Perfect Udder® bag would be the ideal delivery system for it.
In this study of 200 calves, we had enough animals to see even small differences. Our study documented the levels of immunoglobulin absorption that could be achieved just by following our latest dosing recommendations of 15% body weight colostrum fed in two feedings 12 hours apart.
- First Feeding: Calves were fed 10% of their body weight using heat-treated colostrum within 4 hours of birth.
- Second Feeding: Calves were fed 5% of their body weight using heat-treated colostrum administered 12 Hours after First Feeding.
Calves were tube-fed each dose of colostrum. Only one tube was used per calf and it was cleaned between the two feedings. Colostrum was then heat-treated in the Dairy Tech CombiPasteurizer 30G and stored frozen in Perfect Udder® bags. Product was then warmed to a feeding temperature using a Dairy Tech Bag Warmer.
What Was Measured?
- Birthweight of Calves
- IgG levels of ALL Colostrum (Via BRIX)
- As a batch
- In the Bag Prior to First Feeding
- Again, In the Bag before Second Feeding
- SerumIgG levels of ALL Calves
- At 48 hours we took blood samples
to check serum IgG levels.
- At 48 hours we took blood samples
- Selenium Levels in Random Calves – to have a feel for herd levels
Results: There were no significant differences between the groups receiving Sodium Selenite, Zeolite or Sodium Selenite + Zeolite compared to the control group with no additives.- Sodium Selenite was not deficient in this herd – Had this been the case, then maybe it would have made a difference. Further investigation may be warranted.
- Amazingly, we found that the average serum IgG level across the entire study was 27.4g/L.
- Consider that Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT) occurs at <10g/L and current recommendations are to be above this number with a new industry goal of 20g/L.
- With the second feeding of heat treated colostrum given at the proper time, we have achieved an IgG level beyond expectation.
Other interesting findings in this study:
- If the second feeding was too soon (4-6 hours), there was an increased risk of bloating.
- By dividing the feedings 2:1, we also noticed that the calves seemed more comfortable than in the past when we would give 3-4 quarts in one feeding.
- From a practical standpoint, the calf will require a second feeding long before there is complete gut closure. Therefore, it makes sense that we also remove pathogens from this feeding.
- Small calves benefit greatly from lubrication of the tube before insertion.
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- L. Johnson, S. M. Godden,1 T. Molitor, T. Ames, and D. Hagman. 2007. Effects of Feeding Heat-Treated Colostrum on Passive Transfer of Immune and Nutritional Parameters in Neonatal Dairy Calves. J. Dairy Sci. 90:5189–5198
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Weina Shi. 2014. Influence of Colostrum Feeding Programs on Passive Immunity, Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Holstein Dairy Calves (Thesis). China Agricultural University.
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Just Fill, Shake and Feed
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Oxford Ag’s Calf Health Solutions in the Patented Perfect Udder® Feeding System Make it Easy to Give’em the GOOD Stuff
It’s 2:30am and one of your heifers just delivered her first calf. This newborn must learn how to use muscles it has never stretched, breathe air into lungs that have never before expanded, and by instinct alone, find its first meal – quickly. The mother has been preparing this meal for the past several weeks. This is no ordinary meal. It’s colostrum, and it is the most important meal of the calf’s life.
As warm colostrum flows into the calf, it provides the heat necessary to get it going. Vitamins A and E are present at levels 6-10X higher than that of regular milk, (see colostrum contents chart) and it provides a depot of other minerals as well. Fat and protein levels far exceed that of a normal meal, dispensing the needed energy to get all systems up and running. Most importantly for the calf, the colostrum contains maternal antibodies, or immunoglobulins (Ig), and other critical immune factors that will serve as the defense system for the calf through the first months of life. Without these immunoglobulins, the new baby has no immune system to combat bacterial, viral and parasite challenges. This process is called Passive Transfer and life for the calf depends on this wholesale stockpiling of nutrients and immune factors.There are 4 key factors that contribute to the goal of successful passive transfer of immunity:
- QUALITY – Feeding high quality colostrum with a high immunoglobulin concentration
- VOLUME – Feeding the correct volume of colostrum
- SPEED – Feeding colostrum promptly after birth (ideally within 1-2 hours and by 6 hours maximum)
- BIOSECURITY – Minimizing bacterial contamination of colostrum
Colostrum Quality
Many things can influence the mother’s ability to produce and deliver high quality colostrum such as; Adequate Nutrition, Properly Timed Vaccination Programs, Udder Development. Even in a healthy cow, colostrum quality decreases by about 3% every hour that she is not milked. A 10-12 hour delay can mean as much as a 35% reduction in the amount of Ig her colostrum contains, and each subsequent milking produces fewer Ig benefits as it transitions from colostrum to milk.
Colostrum Volume
Volume of colostrum is critical since only 35% of the immunoglobulin (Ig) will be absorbed. For the calf to have functional passive immunity, it needs 10-20 grams of Ig in each liter of blood. With less than this amount, the calf will remain highly vulnerable. The math is pretty simple. The calf must consume 3X more Ig than it can absorb.
Speed of Delivery
Immunoglobulins are the basic/building blocks of immunity for all mammal babies. Although some are able to absorb these important proteins while still inside the mother’s womb, the calf is not so lucky. Mother Nature dictates that immunoglobulins are transferred from mother to her calf via the colostrum it consumes in the first feeding. These immunoglobulins are transferred through specialized cells in the calf’s small intestine that temporarily allow the absorption of large molecules and carry them to the blood stream. This has to happen quickly because these cells are only open for a short time. The intestine is most receptive during the first few hours after birth and steadily declines to nearly 0 at 24 hours after birth. By the end of that first day, the specialized cells are replaced with normal epithelial cells and the opportunity for Ig absorption of immune factors is over.
Biosecurity
During the process of Ig absorption, some pathogens have learned to take advantage of the security breech in the intestine. It is a free ride into the bloodstream of the calf with potentially life-threatening consequences. We have all seen these calves. They are the ones with severe diarrhea and death at day 3-5 from E.coli and Salmonella; the calves with swollen joints all over their bodies by the time they are 20 days old due to mycoplasma; and the sick calves at 2-3 weeks of age without the nourishment and immunity to keep crypto at bay.
Calves without colostrum, what we call Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT) are 3X more likely to become ill and require medical intervention, and unbelievably, they are 10X more likely to die before they are weaned1. Furthermore, there is good research to show that calves with FPT are more likely to be chronic poor-doers with reduced productiveness for their entire lives (see chart2). The lost ground can never be regained.
“Calves without colostrum, what we call Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT), are 3X more likely to become ill and require medical intervention, and unbelievably, they are 10X more likely to die before they are weaned”
When the calf gets little to no colostrum, we as the caretakers must offer a supplement, or even a complete replacement product, to help it achieve its full potential. This investment is also simple math and it’s where Oxford Ag Calf Health Solutions, in the patented Perfect Udder® Feeding System, help make this stressful situation easier to handle.

What is the Perfect Udder®
Oxford Ag represents the Beef division of Dairy Tech LLC, a pioneer in on-farm pasteurization of milk and colostrum for dairy calves. Dairy Tech is the creator of the patented Perfect Udder® feeding system currently used for colostrum management on dairies worldwide. The simple, but unique design allows raw colostrum to be collected, heat-treated, cooled, stored, warmed and then fed to the calf all from the same, single-use, bio secure bag. When a calf is born, a bag can be removed from the freezer or refrigerator that is stored in, then warmed to the perfect feeding temperature. This ensures that each calf can receive the correct amount of high quality colostrum quickly. There is no need to wait until the cow is milked. The bag of colostrum is then fed directly to the calf via an attached tube or nipple. No clean up.
While this process works very well on a dairy, it fails on a ranch. It simply is not practical to collect and treat beef cow colostrum and total replacement programs are too costly to be the norm. Oxford Ag’s primary purpose has been to develop a high quality colostrum supplement and replacer that capitalizes on the easy-to-use Perfect Udder® Feeding System.
Colostrum Supplements & Replacers
There are many great products on the market, but if you’ve ever tried to mix powdered colostrum in the middle of a cold, wet night, you already know the hassles that go with them.
10 Steps to traditional colostrum feeding on a ranch
Step 1. Check cows and discover the calf in need.
Step 2. Return to the barn and look for your old favorite pouch of colostrum.
Step 3. Find a bucket
Step 4. Go to the house for the warm water … remember the whisk or the blender … do not announce the use of the whisk or blender to other family members. Beat the product into solution.
Step 5. Find the calf bottle. Likely in the bed of the truck from the last time you used it.
Step 6. Clean the bottle and look for a new nipple since the dog ate the last one.
Step 7. Fill bottle and return to the calf. Hope that it drinks
Step 8. Return to barn for a feed tube even though now the colostrum is cold and won’t be absorbed worth a hoot.
Step 9. Scramble for safety from the cow who has seen enough torment for one night
Step 10. Wash your dishes: Tube, nipple, bottle, pail, whisk
Oxford Ag Colostrum100 Supplement and Oxford Ag Colostrum150 Replacer are both derived from high-quality dried colostrum, not serum or blood, and specially formulated to allow complete mixing without the whisk workout. What really makes our products special is that they are packaged in the patented Perfect Udder® Feeding System which makes them ridiculously easy to use.
It’s Simple
When you check calves, keep a thermos of warm water and a dose of Oxford Ag Colostrum100 Supplement or 150 Replacer handy. If you find a calf in need follow these 3 Steps.

Step 1. Fill the bag to the mark with warm water
Step 2. Shake to mix
Step 3. Attach to the included feeding tube and Feed.
That’s it. Throw it all in the trash when you darn well feel like it. Get some sleep. No mess. No dishes. Convenient and immediate.
When to use Colostrum100 Supplement:
- Twins
- Heifers that might need time to learn mothering
- Extreme weather when nursing might be difficult to assess
- Heifers with questionable volumes
When to use Colostrum150 Replacer:
- Cow is injured or otherwise unable to feed calf
- Heifers that refuse the calf initially
- Cows with mastitis or extreme swelling making nursing difficult
- Lost calf or other scenarios that might delay nursing in the first day
In a perfect world, the first meal a newborn calf consumes would always consist of nutrient rich colostrum that transfers immunities and other growth factors from its dam. Since we don’t live in a perfect world, sometimes it is necessary to use a colostrum supplement or replacer. Why not make your life and your calf’s life a whole lot easier. Try a bag of Oxford Ag and you’ll never want to tear the top off another foil bag ever again. Just Fill, Shake and Feed. It really is that simple.
For more information about these and other Oxford Ag Calf Health Solutions, please visit the Oxford Ag page on this site.
- Stilwell, G et al., Can Vet J. 2011 May; 52(5): 524-526
Courtney, A et al., Defining FPT in S Dakota Beef Calves
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